Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• copper-free click reaction to decorate fluorescent silica NPs with bicyclononyne. They exposed the NPs to media that mimicked in vitro culture conditions (10% serum) and biological fluids present in vivo (100% serum). They observed an increase in size and a slight decrease in negative charge in serum

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• stable triazole ring between the successive layers of the LbL assembly. Second, a strain-promoted Cu-free alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) uses strained alkynes for reaction with azide, thereby ruling out the issues with toxic copper. A third type of click reaction, the Diels–Alder cycloaddition (DAC

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• –streptavidin–biotin sandwich technique previously prepared via different click reaction methods (samples of routes 1–6). b–g) Fluorescence microscope images of the micropatterns obtained at the optimum incubation time and temperature. All microarrays were spotted at a relative humidity of 20%. The ink

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• alumina pad to remove the copper catalyst, followed by precipitation in diethyl ether. Synthesis of the mannosylated polymers The sugar functionalization of the polymeric backbone was performed through CuAAC click reaction (Scheme 1, step d), by combining the triple bonds with 2-azidoethyl α-ᴅ

• combination of ROP and ATRP. Polymers were subsequently mannosylated through a CuAAC click reaction, obtaining final glycopolymers with a mannose valency of 1, 2, 4 or 8. This synthetic strategy was exploited to produce well-defined nanomaterials that self-assemble in aqueous media forming ultrasmall

• use; THF used for click reaction was dried over Na/benzophenone and freshly distilled. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Silica Gel 60 F254 plates (Merck) with UV detection (254 and 365 nm) or using appropriate developing solutions. Flash column chromatography was performed on silica

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• initiated CVD system [75]. The route-controlled click reactions, including a thiol-yne reaction and a copper-free alkyne/azide click reaction, were enabled to create continuous and reverse gradients on a CVD deposited poly[(4-methylpropiolate-p-xylylene)-co-(p-xylylene)] surface. The two-click reactions

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• subsequently be synthesized by covalently crosslinking the monomer chains via these azide and cyclooctyne groups by means of a Huisgen [2 + 3] cycloaddition (“click” reaction). Most of the work performed on ELRs combined with SNA15 is about studying their behavior in vitro studies [31][32][33][34]. For example

• morphologies are obtained after incubation for 14 days (spherical or plate-like) that are not easy to obtain in the soluble state. In conclusion, the combination between recombinant DNA and click reaction approaches has resulted in the generation of well-programmable and controlled ELR hydrogels to regulate

• the formation of calcium phosphate nanostructures. Schematic representation of (A) the H3AH3 recombinamer, (B) azide- (component 1) and cyclooctyne-derivatized H3AH3 (component 2), and (C) formation of the hydrogels via Huisgen [2 + 3] cycloaddition (“click” reaction). H3AH3 ELR hydrogel morphology

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PMAO). Carboxylic groups of PMAO were anchored with an amino-modified linker to add an alkyne group, which are the alkyne-modified NPs coupled by the azide-modified RGD peptide (RGD-N3) in water in a one-step procedure by a click reaction (Fe3O4@PMAO_RGD). Details of the preparation process

• , the azide-modified RGD peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp) (RGD-N3) in water in a one-step procedure by a click reaction (see Supporting Information File 1). These “clicked” MNPs (Fe3O4@PMAO_RGD) were thoroughly washed with distilled water and MNP fluids with concentrations around 1–1.5 mg Fe/mL in a PBS/H2O (1:10

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• functionalization of oMWCNT is aimed at introducing specific organic ligands to permanently chelate metal ions or their oxides. This is the manner in which Lamanna prepared an oligoglycol dendron with phosphonic groups responsible for SPIO anchoring. The ligand was introduced on the alkyne-derived oMWCNT by a click

• reaction in SPIO-L2-oMWCNT#Lamanna [37]. A classical DTPA ligand was used to functionalize oMWCNT by Marangon in an amidation reaction with a protected DTPA derivative equipped with an NH2-spacer [36]. The product was then used to anchor Gd3+ ions, thus a CNT-supported version of a common gadolinium

Modification of a single-molecule AFM probe with highly defined surface functionality

• Fei Long,
• Bin Cao,
• Ashok Khanal,
• Shiyue Fang and
• Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2122–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.221

• azide at one end and a carboxylic acid at the other was dissolved in the reaction solution. By simply contacting the probe and the Cu substrate, controlled carboxylation on the probe apex could be achieved, since the ‘click’ reaction requires the co-exist of alkyne, azide and Cu(I). The finite contact

• area would result in a highly defined surface functionality of the probe down to single molecule level with high reproducibility. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; click reaction; force spectroscopy; single molecule modification; Introduction Single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) has become one

• is also called a ‘click’ reaction, has been widely used for surface functionalization and linking of biomolecules [17]. The reaction is compatible with a wide variety of polar functional groups that commonly exist in biomolecules and is highly efficient in various solvents. Chen and co-authors

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• -mediated “click” reaction. The successful functionalization was verified by TGA analysis as well as by Raman, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Following the aforementioned functionalization of CNOs with benzoic acid [37], fluoresceinamine-based fluorophores [39] as well as NIR-emitting aza

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• material highlights the importance of the covalent binding and the chemistry chosen for the particular functionalization methodology for the enhancement of photo-induced electron transfer. It is noteworthy that triazole rings constructed by “click” reaction of an alkyne-functionalized graphene sheet (or

• ) aryl diazonium addition, and (d) azide addition. Iron(II) coordinated on terpyridine (tpy) moieties covalently anchored to graphene oxide (GO) forming GO–tpy–Fe hybrids [51]. “Click” reaction for the grafting of a porphyrin onto reduced graphene oxide sheets that was pre-modified by phenylacetylene

Cyclodextrin-poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanoparticles able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate

• Daniela Ailincai and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.76

• phase, which may serve as an example for the uptake of a drug. The formed nanoparticles were characterized in terms of sizes and morphology by both DLS and TEM. Keywords: click reaction; complexation; cyclodextrin; encapsulation; nanoparticles; Introduction The development of new nanoscale systems for

• studied and used is poly(ε-caprolactone), a linear aliphatic polyester, obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Poly(ε-caprolactone) was used in several combinations, including click reaction products. Functionalized polyester was obtained, which was further used for grafting β-CD on it

• click reaction precursor. The chemical modification of CD, consisting of the selective substitution of the C6-hydrogen with an azidic group, permits its use as a click reaction partner for the modified poly(ε-caprolactone). CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides composed of α-(1-4)-linked α-D-glucosyl units

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• of the modified materials is in many cases not characterized in great detail. In a recent work, we have shown that prior to the Click reaction, the conversion from chloro to azido functionalities in silica monoliths is possible, but that this reaction concomitantly occurs with major structural